Oskar Merikanto played an important part in Finnish musical life. His numerous piano pieces enjoyed domestic popularity, together with his many songs and he made a significant contribution to the development of church music in Finland and to operatic performance.

He was born to Swedish parents in Helsinki. His father, originally Frank Mattsson, changed the family name to sound more Finnish. He was notable for his variety of talents – he gave concerts all around Finland, performing on the piano and organ, conducting orchestras, and composing original music. One of his most belowed compositions is a waltz Kesäillan valssi (Summernight's Waltz).

He died in Hausjärvi-Oiti. His son Aarre Merikanto was also a notable composer.
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